Formulation and Evaluation of piper betle L. Based Gel Dosage Form Against Propionibacterium Acne

Abstract

Now a day the majority of Indians are affected by the persistent skin illness know as Acne. Sebaceous glands are involved in the chronic inflammatory skin condition. Acne is an Inflammatory skin disease that occurs due to blockages In polysebaseous and inflammation that occurs by bacteria such as Propionibacterium acne. Ethanolic extract of piper betle L. inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acne bacteria and show the antiacne activity. It contains additional qualities including anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, etc. and it typically used to treat acne. Piper betle L. was collected and authenticated and then extracted with maceration method by using Ethanol (95%) as a solvent. The phytoconstituent identification done by phytochemical screening test. We formulated the antiacne gel using ingredient like ethanolic extract of piper betle L. Certain evaluation parameter we tested to check whether cream is suitable for human skin and its antibacterial activity was checked on the micro-organism Propionibacterium acne which is responsible for causing acne. Propionibacterium acne is a bacteria isolated from the acne swab from the person who has acne and cultivate in ASLA agar. We measure the zone of inhibition by agar well diffusion method. The agar well diffusion method is a simple and widely used technique to assess the antimicrobial activity of antibiotic, plant extract or other antimicrobial agent against Propionibacterium acne.

Introduction

Acne, blackheads, pimples, and dark circles are common skin issues affecting mainly young people, with acne impacting about 80-85% of individuals aged 12-25, especially females. Many prefer herbal treatments over synthetic ones due to fewer side effects. This study formulated an herbal anti-acne gel using ethanolic extract of Piper betle L. (betel leaf), known for its antibacterial properties against Propionibacterium acnes, a key bacteria involved in acne development.

The Piper betle extract was prepared via maceration using ethanol and tested for phytochemicals, confirming the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and gelatin. The gel was formulated with carbopol as a gelling agent, incorporating varying concentrations of the extract along with other ingredients like triethanolamine, glycerine, preservatives, rose water, and natural colorants.

The gel formulation was evaluated for physical appearance, pH (6.8-7.4), viscosity, and spreadability, showing suitable characteristics for topical application. Microbial assays (agar well diffusion) confirmed the anti-acne activity of the gel. Overall, the natural, herbal-based gel offers an effective, low side-effect alternative for acne treatment.

Conclusion

In this study we formulated and evaluated antiacne gel from ethanolic extract of piper betle L. In this project we collect and authenticate piper betle L. from the Botany department, Shivraj college, Gadhinglaj. The piper betle L. dried under the sunlight and extracted through Maceration process by using ethanol (95%) as a solvent In ethanol the piper betle L. give 46% extraction value.(figure-1) The presence of secondary metabolites such as Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Tannins, Phenol and gelatin phytoconstituents was found in Ethanolic extract of piper betle L ( figure-2,Table1,4). Formulated antiacne gel passes all the quality control parameter. (figure 3,Table 5.) Check the antiacne activity of piper betle L. by performing agar well diffusion method (figure 4, table 6,7). It provide the protection against Propionibacterium acne which is responsible for the causing acne It is herbal based antiacne gel that’s why it having minimum side effect.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Ms. Vaishnavi Santosh Padale . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.